creating a library - general help needed

Here are some useful links.

http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/
http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/classes/
http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/classes2/

And how do I declare variables or functions as private or as public?

by declaring them within the appropriate section: public, protected or private.

class A{
  public:

    void public_function( void );

  protected:

    void protected_helper_function( void );

  private:
    
    char private_data;
};