multiplier

  1. You need a buffer because an Arduino can only supply 40mA per output pin, whereas the 5V version of the HV multiplier requires up to 250mA.

  2. However, there are very few op amps that can supply as much as 250mA output current. That is why I suggested using an op amp and NPN transistor as the buffer.

  3. You cannot connect the input of the buffer direct to an Arduino output pin, because the Arduino does not have an internal DAC to drive any output pins with a variable voltage, and you must not try to drive the HV multiplier with PWM. That is why I included the RC network at the input to the buffer.