Thanks for the comments!
I've updated the file (see attached) with new icons inspired the ones in this thread. I've re-created them to clean them up a bit and to fit the color scheme. The original PSD source file for them is also included in the download.
Here's what they look like:
...the colour scheme works fine but I still get the same crappy standard font.
For the editor font itself, you have to edit your personal preferences file. I've included the SourceCodePro-Regular font because it looks good. Make sure to enable anti-aliasing in the preferences too. I use it at size 14. These are the lines you're looking for:
editor.antialias=true
editor.font=SourceCodePro-Regular,plain,14
I'm on OS X, so you might need to reference the fonts (both in theme.txt and in preferences.txt) differently on different platforms, I don't know.
arduino-theme-solarized.zip (177 KB)