Can Arduino fulfil my needs?

So my exams are over and its back to the project. I've got a few questions about physically wiring the stuff up:

  1. Pull ups and downs. I get the idea but how do you know how big a resistor you should use?

  2. Any general advice for wiring and terminal standards? I'm looking at using an LCD along with all the other bits and it feels like I'm going to be using every pin on the MEGA. How do you avoid getting lost? Is there some generic break-out that allows the use of screw terminals ontop of the standard Arduino headers? What's the wiring convention that Arduinos use on their pins?

  3. Any recommended maximum lengths before TTL voltages get lost?

  4. I found Arduino through RepRap where they talk about Molex connectors, is this a good standard to adopt?

Thanks for your help :smiley: