How to write Python software that can communicate with an arduino uno

Hi

I found a video that uses a 3D printed robotic arm which utilizes an arduino. I also found out that the creator writes his own software in Python. Basically, how would I write software that can display arduino outputs (like the serial monitor but in grid view)? In addition, I want to be able to click various points onscreen to run certain sketches. Where would I find educational resources? Please try to keep your suggestions as simple as possible; I'm pretty much a noob at this field. Would I need to learn I2C and serial communications?

Here's a link to the video: 3D printed 6 axis stepper motor robot - Gen2 - YouTube