Fast serial output for multiple Ping )) Ultrasonic Sensors

use Serial.begin(115200) that makes the serial output 12 times as fast

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds)
{
  // The speed of sound is 340 m/s or 29 microseconds per centimeter.
  // The ping travels out and back, so to find the distance of the
  // object we take half of the distance travelled.
  return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}

should not be used, just use : cm = duration/58; in your main code. It is not the main overhead but definitely faster...

Have you timed your ping(i) function, how many millis it takes?

Please try ping(i) as below : // just one lookup instead of looking it up every line of code

unsigned long ping(int i)
{
  uint8_t pin = ultraSoundSignalPins[i];  
  pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);    
  digitalWrite(pin, LOW);    
  delayMicroseconds(2);      
  digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);   
  delayMicroseconds(5);      
  digitalWrite(pin, LOW);    
  pinMode(pin, INPUT);      
  digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);  
  return pulseIn(pin, HIGH) /58.138;  //Listen for echo && convert to CM 
}

2 cents,
Rob