UNO board I2C pullups? Can be enabled/disabled?

in the range of 200 KHz appear the work just fine; in the range of 60 MHz, the change attempts often cause I2C errors.

I would definitely say that was a decoupling issue with your layout. Read this:-
http://www.thebox.myzen.co.uk/Tutorial/De-coupling.html

That is a high frequency you are dealing with and it can get into the supplies. I would also include a 1nF ceramic decoupling capacitor as well as the normal ones.