draythomp:
Also, this is a little arduino with very limited capabilities when compared to a web server with all the supporting software they carry. So, you don't have php, java, or any of that stuff to do work for you. If you want to get a variable, you have to do it yourself in the arduino code. This is normally done by constructing a string that indicates what you did and sending it back to the server.
Actually you can do quite a lot if you have an Arduino Mega 2560. I have been working on this lately and wrote a quick seminar paper for school about the subject. You can read the online version here http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/ljlukkar/iot/ but as it has been already two months since I wrote that the examples are out dated. How ever I have updated all the examples to GitHub to work with the current versions of the libraries.
All of the following examples also contain a link to dummy UI where you can try out how the UI works. If you are using Chrome open up the developer tools and pay attention what happens on the Network tab. None of these should be thought as real "projects" but instead of just demos. I haven't actually tested do even some of them work properly on all situations and the code is crappy.
The most simple one:
https://github.com/lasselukkari/Todo
Most advanced:
https://github.com/lasselukkari/Arduino-RC-Timer-Switch/
Random:
https://github.com/lasselukkari/Weather-Station
https://github.com/lasselukkari/PinToggle
PS. I just realized I spent many hours reading your blog after stumbling across it while googling yesterday.