Why does Hex not read out in an array for LED "clock"?

Easy-peasy with a shift register !

There will be smarter ways of doing it in software I am sure but one method that comes to mind is to do a bitwise AND between your number and 1. If the answer is 1 then turn on pin 12. Shift your number right 1 and do the AND again. If the answer is 1 then turn on pin 11 and so on.