Arduino to behave like potentiometer

And yes there are only going 5V DC through and about 1.5 amps.

Ah!
Check the data sheet but 1.5A sounds way over what a digital pot can take.
That pot has only 1mA wiper current.

The whole thing is to be for an extruder to make plastic filament for a 3d Printer.

That sort of thing is normally controlled with a PWM signal and a big FET.