Program linked mode switching

Hello! I am new here, and don't actually own an Arduino, but I am exploring its possibilities.

I know Arduino could be used to control an RGB LED strip. What I want to know is if it would be possible to set up a kind of color profile, and link it to a specific program running on windows, or rather, is being displayed.

An example of what I mean could be found in some Razer Gaming hardware. You can assign a keymap profile, and led color, to a specific program, so that when it is run, the hardware will automatically change.

Would this be possible with Arduino, and is there any source code available that might do something similar? I am pretty capable programming wise, but am unsure if this is even possible on this platform.

Thanks,
-Z.