bitSet only sets bits from 0 to 31 (previously to 15)

Development Libraries
5

A more elaborate solution might be

//
//    FILE: .ino
//  AUTHOR: Rob Tillaart
// VERSION: 0.1.00
// PURPOSE: 
//    DATE: 
//     URL:
//
// Released to the public domain
//

#define bitSet64(value, bit) ((value) |= (bit<32?1UL:1ULL) <<(bit))
#define bitClear64(value, bit) ((value) &= ~(bit<32?1UL:1ULL) <<(bit))
#define bitWrite64(value, bit, bitvalue) (bitvalue ? bitSet64(value, bit) : bitClear64(value, bit))


void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Start ");

  uint64_t sternbilder = 0;

  for (int i=1; i<65; i*=2)
  {
    bitSet64(sternbilder, i-1); 
  }
  Serial.println(sternbilder, BIN);
}

void loop() {}

Note: I have patched Print.h for uint64 - Serial.print() of a 64-bit DOUBLE - #7 by robtillaart - Arduino Due - Arduino Forum -