Writing from Serial to Char array and then Serial.print(array) not working

The functions that operate on strings (lower case s) expect strings, not arrays of chars. The difference is that a string is an array of chars that is NULL terminated. Your array of chars is NOT a string, so you should not be passing the array to a function that expects a string, like Serial.print().

NULL terminate your array. Of course, that means that you need to make the array big enough to hold the NULL.