Why arduino can fry?

AWOL:

Low (dc) resistance isn't the issue: you can actually short your avr's pins without damaging them

You've done this?

FWIW... I've accidentally shorted outputs and even inserted the 328P backwards... never hurt the chip (yet).

Of course, in reality the datasheet specs MUST be adhered to or else the chip WILL get ruined sooner or later.