help connecting Arduino UNO to n-ch MOSFET via Optocoupler

It says: Vemittercollector = 6, Vcollectoremmiter = 80 (if again im looking at the right thing). Its says thats absolute maximum.

The first bit is the negative voltage limit so the emitter should not be more than 6V above the collector, you only get this if you wire it up the wrong way.
The collector emitter voltage is the maximum you can have so 24V is well within the limit in the circuit you want to use it in.