Need a few pointers for personal alarm system

not really a starter project, especially the TEXT message is not trivial.
Best advice I can give is to go first through the tutorial section to familiarize yourself with the Arduino and what can be done with it and how. (takes a week or two at most).

Then you should break up the project in smaller steps.

  1. investigate what sensors there exist to detect the person falling out of bed.
  • detectors on the floor (think e.g. burglar detection, or IR movement detection )
  • or detectors in bed (weight does disappear)
  • probably you need a RealTime Clock (RTC) to see at what time it happens. SOmeone leaving the bed at 04:00 is different tha at 08:00
    (and of course how to connect these to Arduino! .

Then you need to learn something about communication (wireless I think) to sent an event to another Arduino that will inform another person.

When you have more concrete questions, don't hesitate to ask.