With bipolar steppers driven from a chopper drive like the A4988 you'll get faster maximum
step rates with a higher supply voltage - steppers with low inductance windings will be necessary
to get the fastest performance - something like 600 RPM isn't impractical for motors with
winding resistance of an ohm or so - low resistance windings have low inductance because
there are fewer turns.
Make sure the hold-in torque is substantially larger than your load torque too.
I've got cheap sets of NEMA17 bipolar motors from eBay before.
Finding ex-equipment steppers rated for 600rpm might be rather hit and miss...