LED matrix : common anode vs common cathode is there a difference?

I did not say that, no.

However, if the MAX7219 multiplexes by driving current into one Digit line and sinking current into 1 Segment line at a time, then electrically you would be okay.
If you ran in no-decode mode and defined your fonts you'd be okay, otherwise things could rotated 90 degrees, or maybe flipped somehow, from what you are expecting.
It would be easy to write a sketch to turn on 1 segment at a time, one register at a time, to see where things ended up.