OK, You don't buy in line-of-sight, let's do urban environments.
Friis Transmission Formula with Propagation Law
- R = Maximum range for communication link
- N = Propagation Law (N=2 for line-of-sight, N=4 for urban environments)
- PT= Transmit power
- GT= Total antenna gain
- ? = Wavelength
- PR= Receiver sensitivity
- FM= Fading margin
if in urban environments;-
- Every 12 dBm receiver sensitivity gain will be double the distance.
- Every 12 dBi antenna gain will be double the distance.
- Every 12 dBm Transmitter power gain will be double the distance.
Electronics is Math.