Advantages of Arduino Uno over PIC18F4550

The AVR also has better (well more useful) hardware timers (PWM, counters, interrupts etc).

Hardware wise the two chips aren't that different. The real difference is having GCC on one side vs one-C-dialect-per-(costly)-compiler on the other.

IIRC there's an arduino-like board which uses PIC mcus. Don't know what development environment / compiler they require though.