KatjaD:
i thank anyone who can give me tips on this
(A) The transformer has a primary and secondary winding. The dot signifies the direction that the windings are made.
(B) The Op-amp needs a plus and minus (relative to ground) power supply. One battery provides the plus, the other provides the minus. Both are referenced to ground.
(C) The + and - symbols are "Non-inverting" and "Inverting" inputs, respectively. Read up on how op-amps work to understand this. It's too much to go into in this post. And yes, the right hand "tip" of the triangle is indeed the output.
(D) Transformer "D" needs to have 4 wires. Your 2 wire part will not work.
As far as the third picture... it's too small and fuzzy to even read. I'm guessing maybe it's some kind of an R/2R resistor ladder (cheap D/A circuit) and a little audio amp? It's hard to tell.
Lastly, capacitors: The semi-circle denotes a polarized capacitor, negative side. Like this:
[size=16pt](positive) [size=24pt][b]+[/b][/size] -------[size=24pt]|([/size]------- [size=24pt][b]-[/b][/size] (negative)[/size]
Hope this helps.