Hi spcomputing, thank you for your reply. Surfing on the Web I've seen that the pins Rx and Tx on the USB-232 Converter are labeled as they must connect on the corresponding pins of the ATMega328, and I tried the modify.
But nothing to do.
What I can see is: on the Rx pin, testing with an oscillosope, there's a packet of sending data coming from the PC for two times after I launch the upload (after finished to compile the sketch). This two train of square wave are high about 3,5Volts; instead on the pin Tx of the ATMega there are 5 volts fixed (and then the IDE tell me that there isn't a sync on communications).
Another problem: on OSC pins 9 and 10 of ATMega328 during the bootloading there isn't any kind of oscillation at 16Mhz: is correct (because the chip during this phase is going with its internal oscillator?)?
Because if it isn't the two chips are burnt... correct?
I tested the USB-232 converter with a ping test and the Serial Monitor of IDE and it works well.
Thank you more