How does using XBee differ from 315mHz Transmitter & Receiver?

Price is a major factor as well. The above examples refer to using your PC as one end network. In a stuation where you need to devices communicating independent of a PC, two xbee modules plus shields are going to set you back close to $100. If you are willing to put the time and effort into using a cheaper module (since they are often not as plug and play as xbee) then they might be a better fit.