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As you posted in the english forum before, I presume that you can read english/speak a bit...
I would recommend that you use the english forum rather than the french one. You would get more replies
Je pensais aussi à un télémètre, pour éviter de se prendre les murs, mais vaut-il mieux à Ultrasons ou à Infrarouges ?
I would recommend untrasonic because it is more accurate than infared. It is more expensive though.
That is the standard board and is the best to get when learning arduino.
http://www.lextronic.fr/P1844-servomoteur-a-rotation-continue.html
Those servos look ok although you may want to look at stepper motors for accurate movement.
http://www.lextronic.fr/P35-plaque-de-connexions-sans-soudure-840-trous.html
You will need one of these for prototyping.
http://www.lextronic.fr/P4672-boitier-coupleur-de-4-piles-aa-lr6---sortie-usb.ht...
You may want to look into lithium-ion batteries as the motors will take a lot of power.
I'm afraid that I don't understand what else you are asking as my french is not very good.
Regards,
Mowcius
Dans ces doc il y a pas mal d'info pour débuter
http://earthshinedesign.co.uk/ASKManual/Site/ASKManual.html
http://www.lulu.com/product/téléchargement/arduino-programming-notebook/3524028