Help with using Arduino Uno i/o pins as both input and output

It is hard from your description to know what you have done. Things like

because I have eight of them, the remaining pins 11, 12, and 13 were not strong enough to open the transistors wide enough to keep the LED's bright.

Do not make any sense and are wrong thinking.
It is difficult to use a pin as an input and an output without the input function affecting the output.
Exactly what are you trying to do?