This Chinese guy/girl is also mentioning the S2083 in an Microsoft mouse:
http://tech.sina.com.cn/c/2003-08-21/22199.html
Unfortunately, I can't read Chinese...
However, the circuit and the IC look very much like the Avago/Agilient ADNS-2610.
I suspect the IC is actually from that same company. Try Googling on "ADNS 2083"... However, I couldn't find a datasheet on the 2083.
This is what I would do:
- Compare the circuit in your mouse with the example circuit in the datasheet of the ADNS-2610 (You can download it here: http://www.avagotech.com/products/optical_navigation_sensors/led-based_sensors/adns-2610/ )
- Probably, you'll then be able to figure out which pin is what.
- Then I would measure the voltage over the GND and the Vdd of the S2083 when the mouse is plugged in, just to be sure it's the same as the Arduino (5V).
- I'd be pretty confident by now that you can follow the tutorial I wrote without breaking the chip. I suspect the communication is pretty much the same as the other ICs (ADNS-2610, ADNS-2051 and PAN-3101). Probably it's a little bit different in functionality, but I would suggest just trying the different classes in the library and see what works and what not.
It would be nice to know what works for you, so I can add that information to the library.
Bonne chance! Et excusez-moi for my lacking French.