Can Arduino fulfil my needs?

I do believe it does.
But be warned, you can't exceed that roof (it can't output a bigger number).

As for the functions, they're valid function structures. They have a return type (void, as in, it returns nothing), a name, and a collection of parameters (you defined them without any).

Can't help you with the hardware, not my area of expertise :-X

As for using this topic for your generic project inquiries, you may most definitly do this. It keeps the information regarding your project in a single location, making it easier for us to provide assistance.