There are standards for OBDII messages that all vehicles must implement. Every manufacturer then feels free to implement anything else they want and not tell a soul without large payments and NDAs.
That will give you the codes for the most common internal combustion engine codes. If you need codes for electric cars then you will have even more trouble. It's even less standard.
BTW, I'm pretty sure even the standard OBDII codes are covered by a SAE document or something and usually you have to pay for it. But, enough people have implemented OBDII readers that you can usually google for the PID codes if for some reason the wiki article doesn't have what you want.