I don't know where you have the bandgap code from but it's wrong.
One of the first lines of analogRead() is

Code:

if (pin >= 14) pin -= 14; // allow for channel or pin numbers

so you're actually reading the value of A0. You probably wanted to set the analog MUX to the internal voltage source:

Code:

ADMUX = _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1);

But that doesn't work with analogRead().

Please describe what you want to achieve and why you're not just reading the value from A2.

Proximity sensor

Which is more or less another name for distance sensor. Which technology did you have in mind? Ultrasonic, IR, laser, mechanical?

Depending on the type of pot you want to detect an inductive solution may have good chances to generate an elegant solution.

@bobafet67: Are you hijacking this thread? Open your own thread and start it with more information. If you're referring to something, post a link to it. Provide a description of what you want to achieve.

Wenn die Angaben auf der Ebay-Seite stimmen, kannst Du damit nur Wechselstrom (Steckdose) schalten und keinen Gleichstrom-Verbraucher.

Definiere "ein Android"! Im Normalfall (Handy): Nein.

DHT11 doesn't use the UART serial interface but a one wire signal which needs a special library and that library takes care of the timings, you don't need to set a "baud" rate.

What kind of tmp sensor do you use that uses a baud rate of 9600?

You care about the wiring having problems with the temperatures but not the sensor itself? I guess it's much easier to get wires that withstands the stove temperatures than to get a sensor that does the same.

What kind of distance sensor did you think about?

The Ketai library says explicitly that one can connect several bluetooth devices to the android, but I must be doing something wrong since it has not been possible for me. Any hints?

Have you checked that your hardware is able to do that? The library may support multiple connections but that doesn't mean that every Android device has hardware that has support for it too.

Which shield are you using? Doesn't it come with examples that include a web server and a web client?

Have you tried what I proposed in my post there? Just opening a new thread won't help you much.

You haven't described what's going wrong yet. Did you attach a scope to see what's happening?

I would try using some kind of WiFi hardware.

Generic question -> generic answer.

I don't understand things at that low of a level so my question is, will this have implications on a broader scope for future projects?

No, it shouldn't Setting pin 10 as an output is necessary for the hardware (it may go to slave mode otherwise) but also setting it HIGH is not necessary and just a precaution if other equipment is connected to the SPI bus and wired to the SS pin. But in this case the educated user is controlling all the slave select pins anyway so in my opinion is completely unnecessary.

Wirklich aufhören lassen, aber dann noch was anderes mach kann man loop und return also nicht?

Das macht keinen Sinn, denn dann kannst Du ja aus dem Loop eine andere Funktion aufrufen und dort mittels return wieder in den Loop zurückkehren, worauf Du dann das "Andere" machen kannst.
Aber vielleicht verstehen wir Dich nur falsch und Du willst etwas ganz anderes. In diesem Fall solltest Du aber beschreiben, was Du erreichen willst und nicht, wie Du es ausgeführt hättest.

altSoft.flush() should wait to completion so I can reliably turn off the RS485 driver, but it doesn't seem to be happening.

If you're using an IDE version greater equal 1.0 it does, otherwise it empties the input buffer.

Why do you think that it doesn't happening?

With a wheel controlled by hand I don't see a problem to go without interrupts and still use a rotary encoder, given your Arduino don't have to do anything else needing a lot of CPU power (doesn't have to be actively calculating, waiting like the SoftwareSerial is doing kills such an application too, even with interrupts).

Show us the code you have, maybe we find some mistakes that are easily fixed. Even if we don't we may be able to help you integrate the interrupt handlers.

I don't know your setup and server programming skills but a REST API is easier and doesn't waste too many resources. In your case where a simple boolean information has to be transmitted a simple action on the server getting some GET parameters is the best solution from an Arduino perspective.