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[on:]

Okay so I'm at the point where I'm out of ram and need to do some cleanup on possibly reducing duplicate post but I've been trying different things and it's not working.  I listed a the piece of code below to see if someone can point me in the right direction to try and reduce ram usage on the uno.   The code below is not the complete code but the part I"m working on trying to reduce.  Please give me some ideas.  

controlling contrast on an LCD screen.

see full code below

[Reply #1 on:]

My advice would be to stop using the String class completely.
And to post all your code.

[Reply #2 on:]

Why do you suggest to stop using the string class completely?   

[Reply #3 on:]

Why do you suggest to stop using the string class completely?   

A little research, on your part, would answer that. The destructor of the String class calls free(), but free() has some fundamental problems that cause the Arduino to crash. Nothing that the String class does can not be done using NULL terminated char arrays.

[Reply #4 on:]

Why do you suggest to stop using the string class completely?   

A little research, on your part, would answer that. The destructor of the String class calls free(), but free() has some fundamental problems that cause the Arduino to crash. Nothing that the String class does can not be done using NULL terminated char arrays.

PaulS, 

Thanks for the Info.   I'm a newbie so I'm not too familiar with the best method but did look up char arrays.    So the suggestion is to take out the ,10%, 20%, 30%....(from the code)  and put them into an array table, then call from it?

Paul

[Reply #5 on:]

Does Contrast10 equal "10%" and so on? I don't quite get why you have duplicate comparisons and duplicate definitions. If the set of possible values is fixed, couldn't you just use a sequence of strcmp() calls to compare against hard-coded literals in an if() else if () structure? There are other, more general ways to parse that set of strings but just doing a string compare against each possible value is the simplest method. To save RAM you could put the literals in progmem, but you are only talking about a couple thirty-odd bytes here - are you really that tight on memory?

[Reply #6 on:]

I'm not quite sure about the "10%" ect, or why you're using different EEPROM adresses, but if you could change some stuff around to make it simpler like this, you'd save some ram. Start by making an Integer or byte that holds the contrast value eg. 30.

This code:

Code:

if(used.item.getName() == "30%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 70) {
        EEPROM.write(3,70);
      }
    }   

becomes this:

Code:

if(contrast == 30) {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 70) {
        EEPROM.write(3,70);
      }
    }
if(contrast == 40) {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 60) {
        EEPROM.write(3,60);
      }
    }
if(contrast == 50) {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 50) {
        EEPROM.write(3,50);
      }
    }
// continue for all the values of contrast.....
lcd.print ("Contrast= ");
lcd.print (contrast);
lcd.print ("%");
 

Which can be further simplifies if you can change some EEPROM adresses to make it work like this with all the values:

Code:

if(EEPROM.read(3) != (100 - contrast)) {
EEPROM.write(3, (100 - contrast));
}
lcd.print ("Contrast= ");
lcd.print (contrast);
lcd.print ("%");
 

[Reply #7 on:]

John_S,

Thanks for your input.  I greatly appreciated it.

Basically I'm using "30%" because thats how the menu is setup.  The is statement on top runs the action if the item is selected on through the LCD menu.  The menubackend.h library structured it like so.   I modified it to fit what I need.  I figure if I put 30% in the quote, then I can just print it when it's being selected. 

Code:

        MenuItem Contrast = MenuItem("Contrast");
        MenuItem Contrast10 = MenuItem("10%");
        MenuItem Contrast20 = MenuItem("20%");
        MenuItem Contrast30 = MenuItem("30%");
        MenuItem Contrast40 = MenuItem("40%");
        MenuItem Contrast50 = MenuItem("50%");
        MenuItem Contrast60 = MenuItem("60%");
        MenuItem Contrast70 = MenuItem("70%");
        MenuItem Contrast80 = MenuItem("80%");
        MenuItem Contrast90 = MenuItem("90%");
        MenuItem Contrast100 = MenuItem("100%");

used.item.getName() is whats needed in order to pull whats in the quotation.  I figure if I used 10% in   Menuitem("10%")  then lcd.print(used.item.getName())   would print 10%    instead of doing      Menuitem("10") then lcd.print(used.item.getName()) and lcd.print("%")


I like this idea and will change it to see if it works.

Code:

if(EEPROM.read(3) != (100 - contrast)) {
EEPROM.write(3, (100 - contrast));
}
lcd.print ("Contrast= ");
lcd.print (contrast);
lcd.print ("%");

[Reply #8 on:]

You seem reluctant to post the full source but given the discussion I think you'll find it beneficial to yourself to do so.

[Reply #9 on:]

Heres the full code.  It was too long thats why I only posted the code that I needed help on.

Code:

  /*
Arduino Uno
  */
  #include <LcdBarGraph.h>  //include bar graph library
  #include <EEPROM.h>         // Add in the EEPROM library
  #include <MenuBackend.h>    //MenuBackend library - copyright by Alexander Brevig
  #include <LiquidCrystal.h>  //this library is included in the Arduino IDE
  #include <MemoryFree.h> // used to determin  how much ram is used.
  #include <avr/pgmspace.h> //used to decrese ram usage == free up ram==
   // LiquidCrystal display with:
  // rs on pin 7
  // rw on ground
  // enable on pin 6
  // d4, d5, d6, d7 on pins 5, 4, 3, 2
  LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 12, 4, 13, 6, 7);
  
   //Setup for screen backlight
  const byte backLED = 3;   //  Use PWM pin 3 for the backlight
  byte lightadj = EEPROM.read(2);
  
  //Setup for contrast setting
  const byte contrastlight = 5;  // use PWM pin 5 for the contrast control
  byte contrastadj = EEPROM.read(3);

  
  // setup for bar graph and other inputs/outputs
  byte lcdNumCols = 11; // -- number of columns in the LCD used for the bar graph
  byte sensorbar = A0; // sensor input set to byte
  byte afrbar = A1; // afr input set to byte
  LcdBarGraph lbg(&lcd, lcdNumCols);  // -- creating line bar graph
  float peaksensor = 0;  //set peak sensor to a low value so it'll work properly
  float aaa = 10;  //
 
  const byte clearPB = 8;  // set button two on pin 8  to clear Peak sensor HOld value to zero

  byte sstwarn = EEPROM.read(1);  // sensor warning

  
  //  Menu Pin Inputs
  const byte buttonPinLeft = 8;      // pin for the Up button
  const byte buttonPinRight = 9;    // pin for the Down button
  const byte buttonPinEsc = 10;     // pin for the Esc button
  const byte buttonPinEnter = 11;   // pin for the Enter button
  
  // Pins combination used to enable menu
  const byte buttonPressed = 11;     // use to enable the alreadyPressed state to enable menu
  const byte cancelButtonPressed = 10;   // used to enable the alreadyPressed state to enable menu
  
  int alreadyPressed;              // trigger the menu to turn on if its on
  
  //  Use for MENU
  int lastButtonPushed = 0;      
  
  int lastButtonEnterState = LOW;   // the previous reading from the Enter input pin
  int lastButtonEscState = LOW;   // the previous reading from the Esc input pin
  int lastButtonLeftState = LOW;   // the previous reading from the Left input pin
  int lastButtonRightState = LOW;   // the previous reading from the Right input pin

  
  long lastEnterDebounceTime = 0;  // the last time the output pin was toggled
  long lastEscDebounceTime = 0;  // the last time the output pin was toggled
  long lastLeftDebounceTime = 0;  // the last time the output pin was toggled
  long lastRightDebounceTime = 0;  // the last time the output pin was toggled
  long debounceDelay = 500;    // the debounce time
  


  //Menu variables
  MenuBackend menu  = MenuBackend(menuUsed,menuChanged);
  //initialize menuitems
      MenuItem BackLight = MenuItem("Backlight");
        MenuItem BackLight10 = MenuItem("10%");
        MenuItem BackLight20 = MenuItem("20%");
        MenuItem BackLight30 = MenuItem("30%");
        MenuItem BackLight40 = MenuItem("40%");
        MenuItem BackLight50 = MenuItem("50%");
        MenuItem BackLight60 = MenuItem("60%");
        MenuItem BackLight70 = MenuItem("70%");
        MenuItem BackLight80 = MenuItem("80%");
        MenuItem BackLight90 = MenuItem("90%");
        MenuItem BackLight100 = MenuItem("100%");
       /* MenuItem Contrast = MenuItem("Contrast");
        MenuItem Contrast10 = MenuItem("10%");
        MenuItem Contrast20 = MenuItem("20%");
        MenuItem Contrast30 = MenuItem("30%");
        MenuItem Contrast40 = MenuItem("40%");
        MenuItem Contrast50 = MenuItem("50%");
        MenuItem Contrast60 = MenuItem("60%");
        MenuItem Contrast70 = MenuItem("70%");
        MenuItem Contrast80 = MenuItem("80%");
        MenuItem Contrast90 = MenuItem("90%");
        MenuItem Contrast100 = MenuItem("100%");*/
        
      MenuItem sensorWarning = MenuItem("Set sensor Warning");
        MenuItem sensor1 = MenuItem("1");
        MenuItem sensor2 = MenuItem("2");
        MenuItem sensor3 = MenuItem("3");
        MenuItem sensor4 = MenuItem("4");
        MenuItem sensor5 = MenuItem("5");
        MenuItem sensor6 = MenuItem("6");
        MenuItem sensor7 = MenuItem("7");
        MenuItem sensor8 = MenuItem("8");
        MenuItem sensor9 = MenuItem("9");
        MenuItem sensor10 = MenuItem("10");
        MenuItem sensor11 = MenuItem("11");
        MenuItem sensor12 = MenuItem("12");
        MenuItem sensor13 = MenuItem("13");
        MenuItem sensor14 = MenuItem("14");
        MenuItem sensor15 = MenuItem("15");
        MenuItem sensor16 = MenuItem("16");
        MenuItem sensor17 = MenuItem("17");
        MenuItem sensor18 = MenuItem("18");
        MenuItem sensor19 = MenuItem("19");
        MenuItem sensor20 = MenuItem("20");
        MenuItem sensor21 = MenuItem("21");
        MenuItem sensor22 = MenuItem("22");
        MenuItem sensor23 = MenuItem("23");
        MenuItem sensor24 = MenuItem("24");
        MenuItem sensor25 = MenuItem("25");
        MenuItem sensor26 = MenuItem("26");
        MenuItem sensor27 = MenuItem("27");
        MenuItem sensor28 = MenuItem("28");
        MenuItem sensor29 = MenuItem("29");
        MenuItem sensor30 = MenuItem("30");
        MenuItem sensor31 = MenuItem("31");
        MenuItem sensor32 = MenuItem("32");
        MenuItem sensor33 = MenuItem("33");
        MenuItem sensor34 = MenuItem("34");
        MenuItem sensor35 = MenuItem("35");
        MenuItem sensor36 = MenuItem("36");
        MenuItem sensor37 = MenuItem("37");
        MenuItem sensor38 = MenuItem("38");
        MenuItem sensor39 = MenuItem("39");
        MenuItem sensor40 = MenuItem("40");
        MenuItem sensor41 = MenuItem("41");
        MenuItem sensor42 = MenuItem("42");
        MenuItem sensor43 = MenuItem("43");
        MenuItem sensor44 = MenuItem("44");
        MenuItem sensor45 = MenuItem("45");  
      MenuItem Calibration = MenuItem("Calibration");
  
  
  void setup()
  {    
    
    Serial.begin(9600);  // setup up serial connection for testing
    analogWrite(backLED, lightadj);  //turn on backlight
    analogWrite(contrastlight, contrastadj); // turn on the contrast
    // Analog Input setup
    pinMode(A0, INPUT);  // Set pin A0 as input
    pinMode(A1, INPUT); // Set pin A1 as input
    
    // Digital Input Setup  
    pinMode(buttonPinLeft, INPUT);
    pinMode(buttonPinRight, INPUT);
    pinMode(buttonPinEnter, INPUT);
    pinMode(buttonPinEsc, INPUT);
    pinMode(buttonPressed, INPUT);
    pinMode(cancelButtonPressed, INPUT);
    //pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // onbaord LED as indicator only  
    //pinMode(contrastlight, OUTPUT);
    
    
    lcd.begin(20, 2);// LCD Setup
  
    //configure menu order
    menu.getRoot().add(BackLight);
    BackLight.addRight(sensorWarning).addRight(Calibration);
    BackLight.add(BackLight10).addRight(BackLight20).addRight(BackLight30).addRight(BackLight40).addRight(BackLight50).addRight(BackLight60)
    .addRight(BackLight70).addRight(BackLight80).addRight(BackLight90).addRight(BackLight100);
    sensorWarning.add(sensor1).addRight(sensor2).addRight(sensor3).addRight(sensor4).addRight(sensor5).addRight(sensor6).addRight(sensor7)
    .addRight(sensor8).addRight(sensor9).addRight(sensor10).addRight(sensor11).addRight(sensor12).addRight(sensor13).addRight(sensor14)
    .addRight(sensor15).addRight(sensor16).addRight(sensor17).addRight(sensor18).addRight(sensor19).addRight(sensor20).addRight(sensor21)
    .addRight(sensor22).addRight(sensor23).addRight(sensor24).addRight(sensor25).addRight(sensor26).addRight(sensor27).addRight(sensor28)
    .addRight(sensor29).addRight(sensor30).addRight(sensor31).addRight(sensor32).addRight(sensor33).addRight(sensor34).addRight(sensor35).addRight(sensor36)
    .addRight(sensor37).addRight(sensor38).addRight(sensor39).addRight(sensor40).addRight(sensor41).addRight(sensor42).addRight(sensor43).addRight(sensor44)
    .addRight(sensor45);
    //Contrast.add(Contrast10).addRight(Contrast20).addRight(Contrast30).addRight(Contrast40).addRight(Contrast50).addRight(Contrast60)
    //.addRight(Contrast70).addRight(Contrast80).addRight(Contrast90).addRight(Contrast100);
  
    
    //menu.toRoot();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0);  
    lcd.print("   test");
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);
    lcd.print("     test");
    delay(3000);        // Delay set to show the into for 2.3 seconds
    lcd.clear();      // clear the screen
    delay(500);      // delay for 1 sec before going to the loop
  
  }  // setup()...
  

  
  
  

[Reply #10 on:]

more code...

Code:

  void loop(){
       
       
     //---------------------Determine Free Memory -----------------------------------
    Serial.print("freeMemory()=");
    Serial.println(freeMemory());
    Serial.println(contrastadj);
    //delay(1000);
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
   
      //--------------------- Contrast set in EEPROM-----------------------------------
   if(EEPROM.read(3) == 0 || EEPROM.read(3) > 80) {  // contrast condition.  If greater than 80 or equal to zero, then write 80 to address 3 on EEPROM
          EEPROM.write(3,80);
    }
    //contrastadj = EEPROM.read(3);  // read contrast value
    analogWrite(contrastlight, contrastadj);  // send EEPROM value to generate the PWM for contrast pin output
   
 
 
    //--------------------------- Backlight set in EEPROM-------------------------------
    if(EEPROM.read(2) < 40) {  //  check backlight condition.  If not greater than or
          EEPROM.write(2,40);
    }
    lightadj = EEPROM.read(2); // read backlight value
    analogWrite(backLED, lightadj);  //  send EEPROM value to backlight PIN using PWM
     
    //--------------------------- sensor Setting saved in EEPROM--------------------------
    sstwarn = EEPROM.read(1);  // sensor warning read from eeprom memory
     
   
   
    //----------------------  Button for Menu ------------------------------------------- 
    if( digitalRead(buttonPressed) == HIGH) {   // if button is pressed, then do the following
        if( ! alreadyPressed ) {   // if alreadyPressed is not True, then do the following
        alreadyPressed = true;  // makes the variable  alreadyPressed to True... turn on menu
        lcd.clear();
        }
    }
   

    if(digitalRead(cancelButtonPressed) == HIGH) {
         alreadyPressed = false;
         lcd.clear();

       }


    if (alreadyPressed == true) {
       
        lcd.setCursor(0,0);
        lcd.print("Menu Setting         ");
        readButtons();  //I splitted button reading and navigation in two procedures because
        navigateMenus();  //in some situations I want to use the button for other purpose (eg. to change some settings)
       //digitalWrite(13, HIGH);   used for testing purposes only.  not for production
    }
    else {
   
      sensorafr();  // get sensor/afr to display on the lcd
    }
   
    if(alreadyPressed == false) {
      digitalWrite(13, LOW);
     
    }
   
  }
 

[Reply #11 on:]

more code....

Code:

void menuChanged(MenuChangeEvent changed){

  MenuItem newMenuItem=changed.to; //get the destination menu

  lcd.setCursor(0,1); //set the start position for lcd printing to the second row

  lcd.print(newMenuItem.getName());  // Print the Menu selection onto the LCD
  lcd.print("            ");  // Print spaces to clear the trailing spaces that should be blank

}


void menuUsed(MenuUseEvent used){

  //}
  // ----------------------------backlight adjustment--------------------------------
  
   if(used.item.getName() == BackLight10 || used.item.getName() == BackLight20 || used.item.getName() == BackLight30 || used.item.getName() == BackLight40 || used.item.getName() == BackLight50 ||
  used.item.getName() == BackLight60 || used.item.getName() == BackLight70 || used.item.getName() == BackLight80 || used.item.getName() == BackLight90 || used.item.getName() == BackLight100) {

    if(used.item.getName() == "10%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 40) {
        EEPROM.write(2,40);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "20%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 60) {
        EEPROM.write(2,60);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "30%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 80) {
        EEPROM.write(2,80);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "40%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 100) {
        EEPROM.write(2,100);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "50%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 120) {
        EEPROM.write(2,120);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "60%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 140) {
        EEPROM.write(2,140);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "70%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 160) {
        EEPROM.write(2,160);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "80%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 180) {
        EEPROM.write(2,180);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "90%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 210) {
        EEPROM.write(2,210);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "100%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(2) != 240) {
        EEPROM.write(2,240);
      }
    }  
  }

// ----------------------------Contrast adjustment--------------------------------
/*  else if(used.item.getName() == Contrast10 || used.item.getName() == Contrast20 || used.item.getName() == Contrast30 || used.item.getName() == Contrast40 || used.item.getName() == Contrast50 ||
    used.item.getName() == Contrast60 || used.item.getName() == Contrast70 || used.item.getName() == Contrast80 || used.item.getName() == Contrast90 || used.item.getName() == Contrast100) {
    if(used.item.getName() == "10%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 80) {
        EEPROM.write(3,80);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "20%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 85) {
        EEPROM.write(3,85);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "30%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 70) {
        EEPROM.write(3,70);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "40%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 60) {
        EEPROM.write(3,60);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "50%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 50) {
        EEPROM.write(3,50);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "60%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 40) {
        EEPROM.write(3,40);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "70%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 30) {
        EEPROM.write(3,30);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "80%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 20) {
        EEPROM.write(3,20);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "90%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 10) {
        EEPROM.write(3,10);
      }
    }  
    else if(used.item.getName() == "100%") {
      if(EEPROM.read(3) != 1) {
        EEPROM.write(3,1);
      }
    }
  }*/


  lcd.setCursor(0,0);  
  lcd.print("Saving.     ");
  delay(500);
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("Saving..    ");
  delay(500);
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("Saving...   ");
  delay(500);
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("Saving....  ");
  delay(500);
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("Saving..... ");
  delay(500);
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("Saving......");
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("Saved!      ");
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.print(used.item.getName());
  delay(1000);  //delay to allow message reading

  menu.toRoot();  //back to Main
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.clear();
  //lcd.print("                           ");
}

[Reply #12 on:]

heres the last of the code

Code:

void  readButtons(){  //read buttons status
  int reading;
  int buttonEnterState=LOW;             // the current reading from the Enter input pin
  int buttonEscState=LOW;             // the current reading from the input pin
  int buttonLeftState=LOW;             // the current reading from the input pin
  int buttonRightState=LOW;             // the current reading from the input pin

  //Enter button
  // read the state of the switch into a local variable:
  reading = digitalRead(buttonPinEnter);

  // check to see if you just pressed the enter button
  // (i.e. the input went from LOW to HIGH),  and you've waited
  // long enough since the last press to ignore any noise: 

  // If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing:
  if (reading != lastButtonEnterState) {
    // reset the debouncing timer
    lastEnterDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  if ((millis() - lastEnterDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
    // whatever the reading is at, it's been there for longer
    // than the debounce delay, so take it as the actual current state:
    buttonEnterState=reading;
    lastEnterDebounceTime=millis();
  }

  // save the reading.  Next time through the loop,
  // it'll be the lastButtonState:
  lastButtonEnterState = reading;


  //Esc button               
  // read the state of the switch into a local variable:
  reading = digitalRead(buttonPinEsc);

  // check to see if you just pressed the Down button
  // (i.e. the input went from LOW to HIGH),  and you've waited
  // long enough since the last press to ignore any noise: 

  // If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing:
  if (reading != lastButtonEscState) {
    // reset the debouncing timer
    lastEscDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  if ((millis() - lastEscDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
    // whatever the reading is at, it's been there for longer
    // than the debounce delay, so take it as the actual current state:
    buttonEscState = reading;
    lastEscDebounceTime=millis();
  }

  // save the reading.  Next time through the loop,
  // it'll be the lastButtonState:
  lastButtonEscState = reading;


  //Down button               
  // read the state of the switch into a local variable:
  reading = digitalRead(buttonPinRight);

  // check to see if you just pressed the Down button
  // (i.e. the input went from LOW to HIGH),  and you've waited
  // long enough since the last press to ignore any noise: 

  // If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing:
  if (reading != lastButtonRightState) {
    // reset the debouncing timer
    lastRightDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  if ((millis() - lastRightDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
    // whatever the reading is at, it's been there for longer
    // than the debounce delay, so take it as the actual current state:
    buttonRightState = reading;
    lastRightDebounceTime =millis();
  }

  // save the reading.  Next time through the loop,
  // it'll be the lastButtonState:
  lastButtonRightState = reading;                 


  //Up button               
  // read the state of the switch into a local variable:
  reading = digitalRead(buttonPinLeft);

  // check to see if you just pressed the Down button
  // (i.e. the input went from LOW to HIGH),  and you've waited
  // long enough since the last press to ignore any noise: 

  // If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing:
  if (reading != lastButtonLeftState) {
    // reset the debouncing timer
    lastLeftDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  if ((millis() - lastLeftDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
    // whatever the reading is at, it's been there for longer
    // than the debounce delay, so take it as the actual current state:
    buttonLeftState = reading;
    lastLeftDebounceTime=millis();
    ;
  }

  // save the reading.  Next time through the loop,
  // it'll be the lastButtonState:
  lastButtonLeftState = reading; 

  //records which button has been pressed
  if (buttonEnterState==HIGH){
    lastButtonPushed=buttonPinEnter;

  }
  else if(buttonEscState==HIGH){
    lastButtonPushed=buttonPinEsc;

  }
  else if(buttonRightState==HIGH){
    lastButtonPushed=buttonPinRight;

  }
  else if(buttonLeftState==HIGH){
    lastButtonPushed=buttonPinLeft;

  }
  else{
    lastButtonPushed=0;
  }                 
}

void navigateMenus() {
  MenuItem currentMenu=menu.getCurrent();

  switch (lastButtonPushed){
  case buttonPinEnter:
    if(!(currentMenu.moveDown())){  //if the current menu has a child and has been pressed enter then menu navigate to item below
      menu.use();
    }
    else{  //otherwise, if menu has no child and has been pressed enter the current menu is used
      menu.moveDown();
    }
    break;
  case buttonPinEsc:
    menu.toRoot();  //back to main
    break;
  case buttonPinRight:
    menu.moveRight();
    break;     
  case buttonPinLeft:
    menu.moveLeft();
    break;     
  }

  lastButtonPushed=0; //reset the lastButtonPushed variable
}

[Reply #13 on:]

The code has been posted.  I need help trying to reduce the sram usage.  I can't seem to add more menu items because it''ll use up more memory and crash so i deleted the menu that I had created last week.  I need to figure out the proper way of using progmem for my program to optimize it so I can add in more menu and functions.  I've read a couple of post and tried to mirror what they had but it did not work for me.  I think something is missing somewhere.    I was at about 19k bytes when it started to crash.  

Goal:  reduce memory usage by using progmem so more menu setups/items and functions can be added.
Purpose:  read sensor and out put to the LCD screen.

If anyone can give me an idea of how to use progmem, I will test it out.   I've tried it based on what others posted in the forums here but it did not work.

Code:

void sensorafr(){


  //----------------------------sensor Section------------------------------------------
  //sensor section input, calculations and output
  float sst = analogRead(A0);                                   // make variable sst equal to analog value from pin A0
  float sstoutput = (sst-0)*(43.51508-(-10))/(1023+ (-10)); //converting analog input to sensor value
  float sstoutput1 = sstoutput - aaa;                         //
  float vacoutput = 0;
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);                                          // set cursor to first column row 2
  vacoutput = sstoutput1 * 2.036021;                           // convert


  if (vacoutput <= (-10)){                                      //if sstoutput1 is less than or equal to -10 value, then run the following
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);                                        // set cursor to column 0 row 2
    lcd.print("SEN:");                                         //print  to the LCD
    lcd.print(vacoutput,1);                                      // print the sensor value
    delay(50);                                                  //set delay
  }
  else if ((vacoutput < 0 ) && (vacoutput > (-10))) {           //set condition if value is less than 0 and more than or equal -9 then use VAC
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);                                         //set cursor to column 0 row 2
    lcd.print("SEN: ");                                       //print on LCD
    lcd.print(vacoutput,1);                                    // print the sensor value
    delay(50);                                                //set delay
  }  
  
 
  else if ((sstoutput1 < 10) && (sstoutput1 >= 0)) {          //set condition so if sensor if less than 10 and greater than 0, then the sst adds in an extra space so that it'll display correctly and not shift
    
     lcd.print("SEN:  ");                                   //Print sst to LCD
     lcd.print(sstoutput1,1);                                // print sensor value to LCD.  the one means to print one decimal point only
     delay(50);                                            //delay for .1sec
   }
  
   else {
     lcd.print("SEN: ");                                      // print sst
     lcd.print(sstoutput1,1);                                // print sensor output value
     delay(50);                                            // set delay
   }


   //---------------------------PEAK sensor------------------------------------------
   if(sstoutput1 > peaksensor) {                          // check to see if sensor if higher than peak sensor
     peaksensor = sstoutput1;                            // make peaksensor equal to current sensor if condition is true

   }
   if (peaksensor < 10 ) {                              // check the peak sensor value.  If less than 10, then do the following statement
   lcd.print(" ");                                      //put a space after sensor value
   lcd.print("PB");                                    // print PB for peak sensor
   lcd.print(" ");                                     // put a space after sensor value
   lcd.print(peaksensor,1);                              // print peak sensor value

   }
   else {
   lcd.print(" ");                                      //put a space after sensor value
   lcd.print("PB");                                    // print PB for peak sensor
   lcd.print(peaksensor,1);                              // print peak sensor value
   }
  //-------------------------- Peaksensor Clear------------------------------------------
  if ( digitalRead(clearPB) == HIGH) {                // if button is pressed, then the peaksensor resets to zero
    peaksensor = 0;                                    //  set peaksensor back to zero
  }
  
  
//---------------------------------- LCD BAR ---------------------------------------
  //sensor LCD Bar
  //lcd.setCursor(10,1);  //set bar graph to start on column 10 row 2
  //lbg.drawValue(analogRead(sensorbar), 600);

 
  // Sensor Ratio LCD Bar
  lcd.setCursor(9,0);  //set cursor to column 10 row 1
  lbg.drawValue(analogRead(afrbar), 1023);   //bar graph output
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
  
  //  Input, Calculation and output

  float afrValue = analogRead(A1);                     //Read input
  float afroutput = (afrValue-0)*(22-8)/(1023-0) +8;   // convert values
  //Serial.println("AFR Output:");
  //Serial.println(afroutput);                         // print out the value you read:
  //Serial.println("AFR Value:");
  //Serial.println(afrValue);
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);                                // Print to LCD top Left

  

 
    if (afroutput < 10) {
    lcd.print("LVL:  ");
    lcd.print(afroutput,1);
    //delay(50);
  }
    else {
    lcd.print("LVL: ");                          
    lcd.print(afroutput,1);                            
    //delay(50);                                    
  }
  


  
  //------------------------------sensor Warning--------------------------------
   if (sstoutput1 >= sstwarn) {
     lcd.noDisplay();// Turn off the display
     delay(400);
     lcd.display();// Turn on the display
     delay(300);
   }
}

[Reply #14 on:]

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