What? You shouldn't recommend this - a power MOSFET gate can be in range 1nF to 20nF, that's like a short-circuit load to an Arduino output pin on short timescales - they can only take 40mA abs max so a gate resistor of 150 ohms or so is recommended.
OK, we can put it back in again now we know it's not the problem...
I agree, the circuit looks fine on paper. There must be a wiring error somewhere. Time to start measuring voltages at various points in the circuit. The usual culprit is Vgs when people put the transistor before the load in the circuit.