Yes, pretty easily.
In the IDE:
Tools: Select a Board - Uno will work well
Tools: Select your ICSP programmer (you do have a programmer, yes?)
Tools: Burn Bootloader
If you don't have a programmer, or a working Arduino, you are kinda out of luck.
Programmers can be found inexpensively, such as
http://www.nkcelectronics.com/pocket-avr-programmer.htmlA programmer is a handy tool to have, everyone hobbyist should have one. Or, keep a working Arduino around to run a programming sketch on to program other devices.
I've managed to accumulate 4 or 5 programmers, and use this one exclusively at the moment because it reliably programs the larger memory devices such as ATMega1284P:
http://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Atmel/ATAVRISP2/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMv256HIxPBQcA8%252bsNH3cLLR