So I've done my research and I'm ready to connect the Arduino to an external power source. The battery is giving off around 8.3V, I've read that the Arduino can take 7-12V, however, when I plug in the battery's power jack to start the board, nothing happens.
Yes, that is all I can think of, polarity of your 8.3vdc power plug is wrong for an arduino? Must be center pin positive and if reversed there is a polarity protection series diode to prevent damage to the arduino board, but would give you the symptom you see, nothing works and the board's power led would be off.
Lefty