(This is one of the first google results when searching for arduino due and stl, and there is no answer?)
I tried the library https://github.com/maniacbug/StandardCplusplus which worked nicely for my purposed on mega2560, but on Due is does not compile.
First the compile complains about something which can be cured with -fpermissive in the boards file, but this leads to other errors...
In some threads I read that the use of STL is not recommended due to the very limited ram. But as far as I know vector is almost as memory economical as the usage of simple (static) fields for example. In my opinion a program with STL is much more readable and maintainable.