Oh, Hi Vaclav. Welcome back to the forum.
I think the reason that apt-get installs 1.0.5(actually it's "2:1.0.5+dfsg2-4", which is a modified version) is due to a licensing issue that prevents current versions of the Arduino IDE from being included in the Linux package manager.
Just in case someone else comes across this post and needs more information, here's the relevant GitHub issue report:
https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/issues/5253People are much nicer here and really trying to help.
Here's the thing that you never were able to understand. The GitHub issue tracker is to report bugs with the Arduino IDE. The forum is where you want to go for support questions as well as discussion, etc. If you post legitimate bug reports on the GitHub issue tracker you will get a positive response. I say this from years of experience during which I've never been insulted once. That's not to say I've always agreed with the developers but they're in charge so they make the final decisions and that's the best way.
Well I'm glad you're having another try at being a member of this forum and I hope it will go better than the last time.