Figured it out:
char fileName[13]; //variable to name file, will hold date later
char timeStamp[8]; //variable to put timestamp in file, will hold time later
sprintf(fileName, "%08lu.txt", date);
sprintf(timeStamp, "%04lu.txt", tme);
Needed to be:
char fileName[13]; //variable to name file, will hold date later
char timeStamp[5]; //variable to put timestamp in file, will hold time later
sprintf(fileName, "%08lu.txt", date);
sprintf(timeStamp, "%04lu", tme);
Something in the old was corrupting the .txt portion of fileName and it couldn't create the file because of it. I had apparently been pasting a good copy from the simple sketch I made to test functionality, while the typed version I commented out a few times had the error in it, thus making it work when I moved it, but not when I put it back.