How to power an LED stripe and the Arduino Nano with the same power source

I think we are not being encouraging enough to a beginner.

The cap is connected ok now.

Fritzing's schematic editor is ok. Not great, but ok, and better than breadboard view for anything more complex than what you have now.

Schematics are actually easier to understand than breadboard view, or they should be if they have been done well. Schematics can dispense with unnecessary detail, such as exactly where in a breadboard a component has been connected. Instead, because they are more clearly and logically laid out, there is room for important information like component values and part numbers.