//initializes/defines the output pin of the LM335 temperature sensor
int outputpin= 0;
//this sets the ground pin to LOW and the input voltage pin to high
I'm glad you put in the comments. They give me a starting point.
As I understand it, this statement creates a variable name 'outputpin' and assigns the value of 0 to it. It does not assign the variable name 'outputpin' to the microprocessor's analog 0 pin, which is what I assume you want to do.
Also, although I haven't got to Analog pins yet, digital need to be assigned a data flow direction in the Setup Function, with the pinMode Function, or am I mistaken about this?
Anyway, you have to let Arduino that it is a pin, what pin it is, and whether it is a data source or data sink before you can use it for anything. With my limited knowledge, it looks like what you have actually done is:
1. Create an address of a block of memory large enough to hold an Integer.
2. When you create it you put a 0 in it.
3. You then attempt to read data from it (even though the variable name suggests it is for output) using the analogRead Function. I'm surprised you don't get an error from that.
4. Then you assign the 'returned' value to an integer.
5. Then you perform several analog data conversions on it.
I would suggest your results would be a lot like Forrest Gump's box of chocolates. It probably wouldn't take more than a few minutes to fix those issues. The rest of the sketch looks pretty good to me.