Were you ever able to upload a bootloader?
Did the error occur on the very first attempt?
Be sure to select "ATmega328 on a breadboard (8 MHz internal clock)" when burning the bootloader. (If you select the wrong item and configure the microcontroller to use an external clock, it won't work unless you connect one.)
Did you have "ATmega328 on a breadboard (8 MHz internal clock)" selected when you tried to burn the bootloader?