How to power an LED stripe and the Arduino Nano with the same power source

Alright. I have learnt you don't like "frizzies". ;D

I already have a strip board. I'm just using the bread board to hook up the Arduino so I can start coding and testing.

The speaker is an active speaker with an external power source (not shown in the schematic), so the speaker symbol is merely just a representation of the 3.5mm jack. The resistor should reduce the volume of the sound.

The LEDs can be controlled individually, yes.