Have you tried 100 ohm base resistor?
A BJT as a switch needs about 10% of the load current supplied to the base to saturate properly.
Your MOSFET isn't logic-level unfortunately, and some logic level MOSFETs are only good for 5V anyway.
ZTX851 is the best BJT I know for switching.
You don't have a 2N2222A ? That's the common switching transistor - only good for say 0.6A when
driven from an Arduino pin due to the need for 5 to 10% base current of course.
logic-level MOSFETs are the thing to use for higher currents.