You can pick up the parts you need to make standalone board here for not much:
Atmega328 w/ Arduino UNO Optiboot Bootloader ATMEGA328P-PU - dipmicro electronics bootloaded arduino
Atmel 8-bit Microcontroller ATMEGA328P-PU - dipmicro electronics blank 328
16 MHz crystal
22 pf caps
100nF caps
10K resistor
28 pin socket
perfboard in different sizes
LEDs
current limit resistors, 220 ohm
follow the Arduino as ISP guide as one way to program the part.
Or get a standalone programmer such as
http://www.nkcelectronics.com/pocket-avr-programmer.html