Arduino on Xcode Project — Official Thread

Elijahg:
There's a small problem with uploading too, for some reason the port for AVRdude to use gets lost somewhere. Changing AVRDUDE_PORT in Avrdude.mk to $(BOARD_PORT) fixes that.

That's strange, AVRDUDE_PORT is defined in Avrdude.mk by:

AVRDUDE_PORT      = $(firstword $(wildcard $(BOARD_PORT)))

with BOARD_PORT defined in Arduino UNO.xconfig by

BOARD_PORT = /dev/tty.usbmodem*

or in Step1.mk otherwise by

ifndef BOARD_PORT
    BOARD_PORT = /dev/tty.usb*
endif

Arduino UNO.xconfig has priority over Step1.mk.