Reading battery

reading voltages when there's not activated load (like motors) I can read with precision. But how can I read with the same precision also when motors will be on? Like iRobot, the little vacuum cleaner... I mean, how a cellular, and other electronics can be read battery with precision also with heavy load?

It's a theory:
Maybe, they build a projection of battery life, and it's possible which when an heavy load became on, there's a measure of variance of the potential compared to stand-by mode, and extrapolate the approximate remaining life. That because from a fully charged battery and low battery the REALLY difference is ita ability to keep voltage near to nominal value. Yea, I know that the cell when is low it's 1,2 v and 1,34 viceversa; but when I'll connect a simple led+resistance, the low battery will fall down to 0,5 or little more. And, will fall down at little more than 1,3v, viceversa.

It's a correct intuition?