AntR:
- SLAM: seems a quite popular field at the moment, but it quite complex and non-intuitive to implement. It also requires a lot of memory - more than the arduino has.
Something interesting:
http://cs.krisbeevers.com/thesis/
Note the "ratbot-slam: A fixed point implementation of FastSLAM 1 with multiscans as described in Chapter 7, meant to run on the Ratbot platform with an ATMEGA64 microcontroller as the main CPU."
So - the possibility exists to do SLAM - maybe not on an UNO, but a Mega is a definite (theoretical) possibility...