"but instead a 10k Ohm resistor I used a 230 Ohm one."
That substitution may draw lots more power than needed, but It will not hurt anything.
In most cases, a button is not held down for a long time, so if the button is only pressed for one second, then there is not much difference is current draw.
But, I suggest you pick up some more resistor values. Other circuits may not be so forgiving.