A stepper motor should be able to stall forever without damage - assuming, of course, the use of a specialized stepper motor driver.
Post a link to the datasheet for your motor and tell us what stepper motor driver you are using,
Also give details (volts and amps) of your motor power supply.
Stepper motors draw maximum power when stationary, stalling one that's trying to move generates less
heat, typically. They are run at their max continuous current all the time.