I was of the impression I could use 'the right hand rule' to first navigate the area and send the info to a pc which draws up a map
There is no reason you can't.
and then sends back to the robot for use at other times
Again, there is no reason you can't. What you need to determine is when a map is complete, and when the robot is expected to receive that map.
You need to define what that map will look like, how you will send that map back and forth, and how the robot will receive and use the map.
That is NOT a trivial task, and is made more difficult by the fact that the Arduino does not have much memory. You can't fit much of a map into the 2K to 8K of memory that the Arduino has.