simple serial issue

Okay.

Two main problems.

  1. Already mentioned, there is no common ground. RS232 requires a common ground between all devices. That explains why you got nothing when using SoftwareSerial, and why you wouldn't have gotten anything with hardware serial, if you had been aware of the next point:

  2. Look over to the other side of the Arduino board. See those two other pins labeled 0 and 1, and also RX and TX? I think you know where I'm going with this.