Also Swing is not yet capable of handling HighDPI Displays (i.e. read Windows Scaling value) - a problem that is not on the feature-list of the next Java Version. So it might take a long time until this is adressed by Java/Swing.
I have an 4k Display, too with the same problems mentioned above.
One solution can be (I do it that way in Java):
1: Read the current (X-)resolution of the current screen where Arduino is displayed (important not to use the absolute resolution to adress multiscreen configurations).
2: if it is higher than 1920x1080 (I only use the X-resolution) then calculate the factor
the current resolution is higher than 1920x1080.
3: Iterate all children of JFrame and resize them (including the images used) by that factor.
It will take about 100 lines of code and it will work at least on Linux and Windows (I have no Mac to test it there).